Present simpleवर्तमान
| I | say |
|---|---|
| you | say |
| he/she/it | says |
| we | say |
| you | say |
| they | say |
इस पर और: Simple Present (सामान्य वर्तमान)
say के क्रिया-रूप
- अर्थ कहना, बोलना
- स्तर A1
- पैटर्न अनियमित
इस क्रिया में क्या ख़ास है
- कई कालों में अनियमित — सबसे भरोसेमंद तरीक़ा पूरी तालिका सीखना है। → अनियमित क्रियाएँ
- याद करने के लिए तीन मूल रूप: say – said – said।
- शब्द-सूची से: say के बाद सुनने वाला नहीं आता, tell के बाद आता है: he said that … पर he told me that …
मोटे अक्षर और रेखांकित: अंत-प्रत्यय। ◆ उस रूप पर लगा है जो नियम से हटकर बनता है।
निश्चयार्थ
Past simpleपूरा हुआ भूतकाल
| I | said |
|---|---|
| you | said |
| he/she/it | said |
| we | said |
| you | said |
| they | said |
इस पर और: Simple Past (सामान्य भूतकाल)
Present perfectपूर्ण वर्तमान
| I | have said |
|---|---|
| you | have said |
| he/she/it | has said |
| we | have said |
| you | have said |
| they | have said |
इस पर और: Present Perfect (पूर्ण वर्तमान)
Past perfectपूर्ण भूत
| I | had said |
|---|---|
| you | had said |
| he/she/it | had said |
| we | had said |
| you | had said |
| they | had said |
इस पर और: Past Perfect (पूर्ण भूतकाल)
Future (will)भविष्य
| I | will say |
|---|---|
| you | will say |
| he/she/it | will say |
| we | will say |
| you | will say |
| they | will say |
इस पर और: will वाला भविष्य
Future perfectपूर्ण भविष्य
| I | will have said |
|---|---|
| you | will have said |
| he/she/it | will have said |
| we | will have said |
| you | will have said |
| they | will have said |
संकेतार्थ (कंडीशनल)
Conditional (would)संकेतार्थ
| I | would say |
|---|---|
| you | would say |
| he/she/it | would say |
| we | would say |
| you | would say |
| they | would say |
इस पर और: if-वाक्य, प्रकार 2
Conditional perfectभूतकाल का संकेतार्थ
| I | would have said |
|---|---|
| you | would have said |
| he/she/it | would have said |
| we | would have said |
| you | would have said |
| they | would have said |
सातत्य रूप
Present progressiveअपूर्ण वर्तमान
| I | am saying |
|---|---|
| you | are saying |
| he/she/it | is saying |
| we | are saying |
| you | are saying |
| they | are saying |
इस पर और: Present Progressive (अपूर्ण वर्तमान)
Past progressiveअपूर्ण भूत
| I | was saying |
|---|---|
| you | were saying |
| he/she/it | was saying |
| we | were saying |
| you | were saying |
| they | were saying |
इस पर और: Past Progressive (अपूर्ण भूतकाल)
Present perfect progressiveपूर्ण सातत्य वर्तमान
| I | have been saying |
|---|---|
| you | have been saying |
| he/she/it | has been saying |
| we | have been saying |
| you | have been saying |
| they | have been saying |
इस पर और: Present Perfect Progressive
Past perfect progressiveपूर्ण सातत्य भूत
| I | had been saying |
|---|---|
| you | had been saying |
| he/she/it | had been saying |
| we | had been saying |
| you | had been saying |
| they | had been saying |
Future progressiveअपूर्ण भविष्य
| I | will be saying |
|---|---|
| you | will be saying |
| he/she/it | will be saying |
| we | will be saying |
| you | will be saying |
| they | will be saying |
आज्ञार्थ
Imperativeआज्ञा, हाँ में
| you | say |
|---|---|
| we | let's say |
इस पर और: आदेश वाला रूप
अकालिक रूप
Infinitive and participlesमूल रूप, गेरुंड, कृदंत
| infinitive | say |
|---|---|
| to-infinitive | to say |
| -ing form | saying |
| past participle | said |
इस पर और: अनियमित क्रियाएँ · -ing वाली क्रियाएँ
कोर्स से उदाहरण वाक्य
हर वाक्य इस कोर्स की शब्द-सूचियों या व्याकरण के विषयों से है। क्रिया का रूप चिह्नित है; नीचे लिखा है कि वह कौन-सा काल और पुरुष है।
What did she say?उसने क्या कहा?
say — Present simple · I; Present simple · you
It depends on what she says.यह इस पर निर्भर है कि वह क्या कहती है।
says — Present simple · he/she/it · पक्के पूर्वसर्ग वाली क्रियाएँ
Say that again, please.प्लीज़, फिर से कहो।
Say — Present simple · I; Present simple · you
How do you say that in English?इसे अंग्रेज़ी में कैसे कहते हैं?
say — Present simple · I; Present simple · you
Could you say that again, please?क्या आप यह दोबारा कह सकते हैं, प्लीज़?
say — Present simple · I; Present simple · you
I would advise against it and I would say why.मैं इसके ख़िलाफ़ सलाह दूँगा, और वजह भी बताऊँगा।
say — Present simple · I; Present simple · you
और उदाहरण वाक्य
What did the doctor say about your knee?डॉक्टर ने तुम्हारे घुटने के बारे में क्या कहा?
The board says no parking after nine.बोर्ड पर लिखा है कि नौ बजे के बाद गाड़ी खड़ी करना मना है।
Say hello to your grandmother from all of us.अपनी दादी को हम सबकी तरफ़ से नमस्ते कहना।
हिंदी बोलने वालों की आम ग़लतियाँ
ग़लत My landlord said me that the rent would go up.
सही My landlord told me that the rent would go up.
"उसने मुझसे कहा" का मुझसे सीधे me बनकर said के बाद आ जाता है। say के ठीक बाद व्यक्ति नहीं आता; व्यक्ति बताना हो तो tell me, या said to me।
आम शब्द-जोड़
- say goodbye — अलविदा कहना
- say no to something — किसी चीज़ को मना कर देना
- say a prayer — प्रार्थना करना
- say something out loud — कोई बात ज़ोर से बोलकर कहना
मिलती-जुलती क्रियाएँ
झटपट अभ्यास
5 ख़ाली जगहें, पहले ऊपर के उदाहरण वाक्यों से, फिर तालिका से। हर उत्तर आपके दोहराव में गिना जाता है।
आगे सीखिए
इसी पैटर्न वाली क्रियाएँ
जुड़े हुए व्याकरण विषय
ये रूप भाषा के नियमों से गणना करके बनाए गए हैं — दो बार, दो अलग-अलग तरीक़ों से — और इस कोर्स में हाथ से लिखे हर रूप से मिलाए गए हैं। उदाहरण वाक्य कोर्स के अपने वाक्य हैं।